Hyperthyroidism, commonly known as an overactive thyroid, is a medical condition where the thyroid produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormones.
While the condition can affect anyone, it’s more commonly found in women than men, and tends to occur between the ages of 20 and 40.
The thyroid gland, a butter-fly shaped organ located in the neck, is responsible for producing hormones that control metabolism, energy levels, and other essential processes in the body.
Having an excess of these hormones can potentially cause serious problems that need treatment further down the line.
Common Causes of Hyperthyroidism
The most common causes of hyperthyroidism include:
- Graves’ Disease: This autoimmune disorder is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, where the body’s immune system produces antibodies that stimulate excessive thyroid hormone production.
- Lumps on your thyroid: Having lumps on your thyroid can cause excessive hormone production
- Certain medications: Treatments like amiodarone, alemtuzumab and PD-1 inhibitors can cause hyperthyroidism
Common Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
The most common symptoms of an overactive thyroid include:
- Rapid Heartbeat: An elevated heart rate, known as tachycardia, is a typical symptom, accompanied by palpitations and irregular heart rhythms.
- Nervousness and Anxiety: Many people with hyperthyroidism report increased anxiety, nervousness, and restlessness.
- Heat Intolerance: A reduced tolerance to heat, excessive sweating, and an aversion to warm environments are common due to increased metabolic activity.
- Muscle Tremors & Twitches: Fine tremors in the hands and fingers are often observed in individuals with hyperthyroidism.
- Unexplained Weight Loss: Despite normal or increased food intake, individuals with hyperthyroidism often experience significant and unintentional weight loss.
- Fatigue: Paradoxically, while individuals may experience increased energy levels, they can also suffer from fatigue and weakness.
- Irritability: Mood changes, including irritability and difficulty concentrating, can be related to hyperthyroidism.
- Sleep Disturbances: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep may occur due to heightened anxiety and restlessness.
- Thyroid Enlargement: Some individuals may notice an enlarged thyroid gland in the neck, known as a goitre.
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