How does codeine work?
Codeine binds to opioid receptors in the brain, reducing pain perception and providing relief. It can also slow bowel movements, which is why it’s used to treat diarrhoea.
What is codeine used to treat?
Codeine is commonly prescribed for:
- Mild to moderate pain (e.g., after an injury or surgery)
- Cough suppression (as part of some cough medicines)
- Diarrhoea (to slow bowel movements in conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS))
Who can take codeine?
Codeine is suitable for most adults and children over 12 years old. However, for children under 18, it is not recommended for pain relief after tonsil or adenoid surgery due to safety concerns.
Who might not be able to take codeine?
Codeine may not be suitable if you:
- Have severe breathing problems (such as asthma or COPD)
- Have a history of substance misuse or addiction
- Have liver or kidney disease
- Are taking other opioid painkillers
Can I take codeine if I’m pregnant or breastfeeding?
Codeine isn’t usually recommended during pregnancy as it can affect the baby. It should also be avoided while breastfeeding, as it can pass into breast milk and cause breathing problems in the baby.
What if I miss a dose?
If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to your next dose, skip the missed one—do not take two doses at once.
How effective is codeine?
Codeine is effective for short-term pain relief but should be used for the shortest time possible to avoid dependence.
What should I do if I take too much?
Taking too much codeine can be dangerous and may cause:
- Extreme drowsiness
- Slow or shallow breathing
- Confusion
- Loss of consciousness
If you think you’ve taken too much, seek emergency medical help immediately.
What dose of codeine is usually taken?
- For pain relief: 30mg to 60mg every 4 to 6 hours, as needed
- For cough suppression: 15mg to 30mg up to four times daily
- For diarrhoea: 30mg to 60mg up to four times daily
Your doctor will determine the correct dose based on your condition.
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What are the side effects of codeine?
Common side effects include:
- Drowsiness
- Constipation
- Nausea or vomiting
- Dizziness
Serious side effects, such as breathing difficulties, confusion, or dependence, require urgent medical attention.
How should I take codeine?
Codeine is taken as tablets, liquid, or part of combination painkillers. It should be swallowed whole with water.
When should codeine be taken?
Codeine should be taken only when needed for pain relief and not for long-term use unless advised by a doctor.
What are the brand names for codeine?
Codeine is available as a generic medicine, but some branded versions include:
- Solpadeine (with paracetamol)
- Co-codamol (codeine + paracetamol)
Final thoughts
Codeine is an effective pain reliever, but it should be used short-term due to the risk of dependence and side effects. If you have concerns about its use, speak to your doctor or pharmacist.
