What are the symptoms of Hantavirus?
Symptoms usually develop 1 to 5 weeks after exposure and may include:
- Fever
- Chills
- Fatigue
- Muscle aches (particularly in the thighs, hips, and back)
- Headache
- Nausea or vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Difficulty breathing (in severe cases)
- Low blood pressure and fluid in the lungs (HPS)
- Kidney complications and low urine output (HFRS)
What causes Hantavirus?
Hantavirus is transmitted to humans mainly through inhalation of dust contaminated with infected rodent droppings, urine, or saliva. Less commonly, it can be spread by rodent bites. The virus is not known to spread between humans in most cases.
How common is Hantavirus?
Hantavirus infections are rare, but outbreaks can occur, especially in rural or woodland areas where people may come into contact with rodent habitats. Cases have been reported in the Americas, Europe, and Asia, with different strains found in each region.
Who is more likely to get Hantavirus?
You’re at higher risk if you:
- Work in agriculture, pest control, or construction
- Camp, hike, or live in rural areas with high rodent populations
- Clean buildings or sheds that have been closed for some time
- Have close contact with rodent droppings or nesting material
How can I treat Hantavirus?
There is no specific antiviral treatment. Management focuses on supportive care, which may include:
- Hospital care and monitoring
- Oxygen therapy for breathing difficulties
- Fluids and electrolytes
- Dialysis in cases involving kidney failure
- Early admission to intensive care for severe symptoms
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How to prevent Hantavirus?
Prevention relies on avoiding contact with rodent droppings and contaminated environments. Recommendations include:
- Sealing holes in homes and buildings to keep rodents out
- Wearing gloves and a mask when cleaning rodent-infested areas
- Using disinfectant (not sweeping or vacuuming) to clean droppings
- Storing food in rodent-proof containers
- Camping away from rodent nests or burrows
What support is available for people with Hantavirus?
Support may include hospital care and follow-up appointments, especially for those who experienced severe illness. Rehabilitation and psychological support may be helpful after a prolonged recovery.
What’s the outlook for Hantavirus?
The outcome depends on the severity and type of Hantavirus infection. While many people recover fully with timely care, some forms—such as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome—can be fatal. Prompt medical attention greatly improves the chances of recovery.
Final thoughts
Hantavirus is rare but can be very serious. Taking precautions to avoid rodent exposure is key to prevention. If you think you’ve been exposed and develop symptoms, especially breathing difficulties, seek medical help immediately.
