What are the symptoms of Japanese encephalitis?
Symptoms usually appear about 5 to 15 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. Common symptoms include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Neck stiffness
- Confusion or changes in behaviour
- Seizures
- In severe cases, it can lead to coma or death
What causes Japanese encephalitis?
Japanese encephalitis is caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus, which is carried by mosquitoes, particularly the Culex species. The virus can be found in areas near rice fields, ponds, and places with a lot of standing water where mosquitoes breed.
How common is Japanese encephalitis?
Japanese encephalitis is most common in rural areas of Asia and the Western Pacific. Thousands of cases are reported each year, mostly in countries like India, China, Japan, and several Southeast Asian nations.
Who is more likely to get Japanese encephalitis?
People who live in or travel to areas where the virus is common are at higher risk, especially those who:
- Spend a lot of time outside, such as farmers or outdoor workers
- Do not have immunity from previous infections or vaccinations
- Are infants or young children, who are more vulnerable to severe illness
How can I treat Japanese encephalitis?
There is no specific treatment for Japanese encephalitis. Care focuses on relieving symptoms and may include:
- Hospitalisation for severe cases
- Medication to reduce fever and pain
- Supportive care for people who have seizures or severe symptoms
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How to prevent Japanese encephalitis?
Prevention is key to avoiding infection. Here are some methods:
- Getting vaccinated if you are travelling to areas where the virus is common
- Using mosquito repellent and wearing protective clothing
- Staying in places with proper mosquito protection, such as nets or air conditioning
- Eliminating standing water around your home to reduce mosquito breeding
What’s the outlook for Japanese encephalitis?
The outlook varies. Some people recover completely, while others may have lasting effects like weakness or difficulties with movement. It is important to seek medical help early to improve chances of a better outcome.
Final thoughts
Japanese encephalitis is a serious condition, but it can be prevented with vaccination and proper mosquito protection. If you have any concerns, please speak to your GP or healthcare provider.
