What are the symptoms of Lyme disease?
Common symptoms of Lyme disease can vary, but they often start with:
- A circular red rash that appears where the tick bit, often resembling a “bull’s-eye”
- Fever and chills
- Fatigue
- Muscle and joint aches
- Swollen lymph nodes
If the disease is not treated, symptoms can become more severe and include joint pain, heart problems, or issues with memory and concentration.
What causes Lyme disease?
Lyme disease is caused by bacteria called Borrelia, which are carried by certain types of ticks, especially the black-legged tick. When an infected tick bites a person, the bacteria can enter the bloodstream and cause infection.
How common is Lyme disease?
Lyme disease is most commonly reported in certain areas, such as the eastern and western United States, as well as parts of Europe. In the UK, the number of cases is relatively low compared to places like the USA, but it is important to be aware of it, especially in rural areas where ticks are more common.
Who is more likely to get Lyme disease?
Some people may be at higher risk of getting Lyme disease:
- Those who spend time in wooded or grassy areas, like campers and hikers
- People who have pets that may bring ticks into the home
- Those who live in or visit areas where ticks are frequently found
How can I treat Lyme disease?
Lyme disease is usually treated with antibiotics. The earlier it is diagnosed and treated, the better the chances of a full recovery. Treatment can last from a few weeks to a month, depending on how severe the infection is.
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How to prevent Lyme disease?
To reduce the risk of getting Lyme disease, consider the following:
- Avoid walking in tall grass and bushes where ticks may live
- Wear long sleeves and long trousers when outside in tick-prone areas
- Use insect repellent that contains DEET on exposed skin
- Check yourself, your children, and pets for ticks after being outdoors
- Remove any ticks as soon as possible using fine-tipped tweezers
Final thoughts
Lyme disease is a manageable infection if treated early. If you have been bitten by a tick or feel unwell after spending time outdoors, it’s best to speak to your GP or healthcare provider.
