How do antidepressants work?
Antidepressants increase or regulate neurotransmitters in the brain, improving communication between nerve cells and stabilising mood.
What are antidepressants used to treat?
Antidepressants are commonly prescribed for:
- Depression (major depressive disorder)
- Anxiety disorders (such as generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- Social anxiety disorder
- Certain types of chronic pain and migraines
Who can take antidepressants?
Antidepressants are suitable for most adults and some children, depending on the condition being treated.
Who might not be able to take antidepressants?
Antidepressants may not be suitable if you:
- Have a history of seizures or epilepsy
- Have bipolar disorder (some antidepressants may trigger manic episodes)
- Have heart disease or high blood pressure
- Are taking other medications that interact with antidepressants
Can I take antidepressants if I’m pregnant or breastfeeding?
Some antidepressants can be taken during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but others may not be suitable. Speak to your doctor to determine the safest option.
What if I miss a dose?
If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to your next dose, skip the missed one—do not take two doses at once.
How effective are antidepressants?
Antidepressants are highly effective for many people, but it may take 2 to 4 weeks to notice full benefits.
What should I do if I take too much?
Taking too much antidepressant can cause serious side effects, including seizures, irregular heartbeat, or serotonin syndrome. If you think you’ve taken too much, seek emergency medical help immediately.
What types of antidepressants are there?
Common types of antidepressants include:
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (e.g., sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram)
- Serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) (e.g., venlafaxine, duloxetine)
- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline)
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (e.g., phenelzine, tranylcypromine)
- Atypical antidepressants (e.g., mirtazapine, trazodone)
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What are the side effects of antidepressants?
Common side effects include:
- Nausea or upset stomach
- Drowsiness or insomnia
- Weight changes
- Dry mouth
- Dizziness
Serious side effects, such as suicidal thoughts, serotonin syndrome, or severe mood changes, require urgent medical attention.
How should I take antidepressants?
Antidepressants are taken as tablets, capsules, or liquid, usually once daily. Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully.
When should antidepressants be taken?
Antidepressants should be taken at the same time each day, usually in the morning or evening, depending on how they affect your energy levels.
What are the brand names for antidepressants?
Antidepressants are available under various generic and brand names, including:
- Prozac (fluoxetine)
- Sertraline (Lustral)
- Citalopram (Cipramil)
- Amitriptyline
- Mirtazapine (Zispin, Remeron)
Final thoughts
Antidepressants are an effective treatment for depression and anxiety, but they should be taken exactly as prescribed. If side effects occur or you need to stop taking them, speak to your doctor or pharmacist, as stopping suddenly can cause withdrawal symptoms.
