What are the symptoms of pulmonary embolisms?
Symptoms of a pulmonary embolism can vary but may include:
- Sudden shortness of breath
- Chest pain, which may feel like a heart attack
- Coughing up blood
- Rapid heart rate
- Feeling light-headed or faint
- Swelling in the legs, which may indicate deep vein thrombosis
What causes a pulmonary embolism?
A pulmonary embolism usually occurs when blood clots form in the deep veins of the legs (known as deep vein thrombosis) and then travel to the lungs. Other causes may include:
- Air bubbles
- Fat droplets from bone fractures
- Amniotic fluid during childbirth
How common are pulmonary embolisms?
Pulmonary embolisms are relatively common, with thousands of cases reported each year. They can happen to anyone but are more likely in certain situations.
Who is more likely to get a pulmonary embolism?
Certain factors can increase the risk of developing a pulmonary embolism, including:
- Having surgery, especially involving the legs, hips, or abdomen
- Long periods of inactivity, such as being on a long flight or bed rest
- Having a history of blood clots or certain medical conditions
- Being overweight or obese
- Smoking
- Being pregnant or recently giving birth
- Age, as risk increases with older age
How can I treat a pulmonary embolism?
Treatment for a pulmonary embolism is urgent and usually involves medication to dissolve clots or prevent further clots from forming. Treatment options may include:
- Blood thinners to make it harder for clots to form (such as apixaban)
- Thrombolytics, which can dissolve clots quickly
- Sometimes surgery to remove the clot
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How to live with a pulmonary embolism?
If someone has had a pulmonary embolism, it is important to follow a doctor’s advice for managing health. This could include:
- Taking prescribed medications regularly
- Making lifestyle changes, such as exercising more and eating healthier
- Wearing compression stockings to improve blood flow
What support is available for people with a pulmonary embolism?
People who experience a pulmonary embolism may find support from various health professionals, including:
- Doctors and nurses who can provide medical care and advice
- Counsellors or therapists for emotional support
- Support groups for connecting with others who have had similar experiences
What’s the outlook for a pulmonary embolism?
The outlook for someone who has had a pulmonary embolism depends on several factors, including how quickly they received treatment. With timely and appropriate treatment, many people can recover well, but it’s important to maintain regular check-ups and follow medical advice.
Final thoughts
A pulmonary embolism is a serious but treatable condition. If you have concerns about your health or symptoms, speak to your GP or healthcare provider for advice.
