How does methotrexate work?
Methotrexate blocks an enzyme called dihydrofolate reductase, which reduces inflammation and slows down the abnormal growth of cells in conditions like cancer and psoriasis.
What is methotrexate used to treat?
Methotrexate is commonly prescribed for:
- Rheumatoid arthritis (to reduce inflammation and slow joint damage)
- Psoriasis (to control severe skin conditions)
- Crohn’s disease (sometimes used to manage symptoms)
- Certain cancers (such as leukaemia and lymphoma)
Who can take methotrexate?
Methotrexate is suitable for most adults and some children with autoimmune conditions or certain cancers, but requires close monitoring.
Who might not be able to take methotrexate?
Methotrexate may not be suitable if you:
- Have liver or kidney disease
- Have a weakened immune system
- Are pregnant or trying to conceive (as methotrexate can cause birth defects)
- Have had a serious allergic reaction to methotrexate
Can I take methotrexate if I’m pregnant or breastfeeding?
Methotrexate should not be taken during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, as it can cause serious harm to the baby. If you are planning to conceive, speak to your doctor about stopping methotrexate well in advance.
What if I miss a dose?
If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to your next dose, skip the missed one—do not take two doses at once.
How effective is methotrexate?
Methotrexate is highly effective at controlling inflammation in conditions like arthritis and psoriasis, but it may take 6 to 12 weeks to notice full benefits.
What should I do if I take too much?
Taking too much methotrexate can cause serious toxicity, leading to severe nausea, mouth ulcers, liver damage, and a weakened immune system. If you think you’ve taken too much, seek medical help immediately.
What dose of methotrexate is usually taken?
- For rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis: 5mg to 25mg once weekly
- For cancer treatment: Higher doses may be used under medical supervision
Your doctor will determine the best dose based on your condition.
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What are the side effects of methotrexate?
Common side effects include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Mouth ulcers
- Fatigue
- Increased risk of infections
- Hair thinning
Serious side effects, such as severe infections, liver damage, or lung problems, require urgent medical attention.
How should I take methotrexate?
Methotrexate is taken as tablets, liquid, or injections, usually once a week. It is important to take it exactly as prescribed.
When should methotrexate be taken?
Methotrexate should be taken on the same day each week, with or after food, to reduce stomach upset.
What are the brand names for methotrexate?
Methotrexate is available as a generic medicine, but some branded versions include:
- Maxtrex
- Methoblastin
People taking methotrexate need regular blood tests to monitor liver function, kidney function, and white blood cell levels.
Final thoughts
Methotrexate is an effective treatment for autoimmune conditions and cancer, but it must be taken exactly as prescribed and requires regular monitoring. If you experience unusual symptoms or side effects, speak to your doctor or pharmacist immediately.
